Definition-

The term "grammatical category" refers to a word's properties that can cause it and/or a related word to change form for grammatical reasons (ensuring agreement between words).

For example, the word "book" is a noun with the grammatical category of number in the singular and plural forms.

Numbers

It is a property of nouns and pronouns that indicates the quantity of a thing or a person.

‍

Example

1- The book is kept on the table. The word “is” is used for a singular noun.

2- The books are kept on the table. The word “are” is used for plural nouns.

‍

Case

It is a property of pronouns and nouns, and expresses their relationship to the rest of the sentence. Case has three values: 

‍

1. Subjective( pronouns) when word is the subject.
2. Objective( pronouns ) when the word is the object.
3. Possessive ( nouns and pronouns ) when the word indicates ownership.

Example

I, Me, Mine

‍

Gender 

It is a property of pronouns which differentiates the genders. It is of three types.

1. masculine: indicates male.
2. feminine: indicates female.
3. neuter: indicates everything else.

Example

His,her,it.

‍

Person

It is a property of pronouns that differentiates participants in a conversation. It’s of three types-

‍

1. First person- speaker.
2. Second person- listener.
3. Third person- all the other people and things.

‍

Example-

I/me,you,him/her.

‍

Tense

It is a property of the verb that refers to location in time. It has two values-

1. Past- Indicates before now.
2. Present- Indicates now.

‍

Example

Past- Was,did,had

Present- am,do,have

‍

Aspect

It is a property of verbs that expresses our view of the time structure of an activity or state. It has three values-

1. simple: time has no structure.

‍

2. continuous: expresses ongoing action.

‍

3. perfect: expresses completed action.

‍

Examples

1. Simple- they work.
2. Continuous-they are working.
3. Perfect- they have worked.

‍

Mood

It is a property of verbs that relates to the speaker's feelings about the reality of what he is saying. Mood has three values:

1- Indicative: expresses a simple statement of fact.

‍

2- Imperative: expresses command

subjunctive: expresses something desired or imagined.

‍

3- Subjunctive: expresses something desired or imagined.

‍

Examples

1- Indicative- James stood up.

2- Imperative- Stand up!

3- Subjunctive- We insist that he stand up.

‍

Voice

It is a property of transitive verbs that expresses the relationship of the subject to the action. Voice has two values:

1. Active- the subject does the action.
2. Passive- the subject receives the action. 

‍

Examples

1- Active- the police caught the thief.

2- Passive- the thief was caught by the police.

‍

Degree

It is a property of gradable adjectives and adverbs that indicates amount. Degree has three values:

1. Positive- indicates basic quality.
2. Comparative- indicates greater quality.
3. Superlative- indicates maximum quality.

‍

Examples 

1. Positive- happy
2. Comparative- happier
3. Superlative- happiest

‍

Conclusion 

 Grammatical Categories define relationships between words and phrases with certain parts of speech, depending on their position in the syntactic tree. Conventional relations encompass subject, object, and indirect object.

‍