Definition-

The term "grammatical category" refers to a word's properties that can cause it and/or a related word to change form for grammatical reasons (ensuring agreement between words).

For example, the word "book" is a noun with the grammatical category of number in the singular and plural forms.

Numbers

It is a property of nouns and pronouns that indicates the quantity of a thing or a person.

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Example

1- The book is kept on the table. The word “is” is used for a singular noun.

2- The books are kept on the table. The word “are” is used for plural nouns.

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Case

It is a property of pronouns and nouns, and expresses their relationship to the rest of the sentence. Case has three values: 

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1. Subjective( pronouns) when word is the subject.
2. Objective( pronouns ) when the word is the object.
3. Possessive ( nouns and pronouns ) when the word indicates ownership.

Example

I, Me, Mine

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Gender 

It is a property of pronouns which differentiates the genders. It is of three types.

1. masculine: indicates male.
2. feminine: indicates female.
3. neuter: indicates everything else.

Example

His,her,it.

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Person

It is a property of pronouns that differentiates participants in a conversation. It’s of three types-

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1. First person- speaker.
2. Second person- listener.
3. Third person- all the other people and things.

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Example-

I/me,you,him/her.

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Tense

It is a property of the verb that refers to location in time. It has two values-

1. Past- Indicates before now.
2. Present- Indicates now.

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Example

Past- Was,did,had

Present- am,do,have

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Aspect

It is a property of verbs that expresses our view of the time structure of an activity or state. It has three values-

1. simple: time has no structure.

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2. continuous: expresses ongoing action.

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3. perfect: expresses completed action.

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Examples

1. Simple- they work.
2. Continuous-they are working.
3. Perfect- they have worked.

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Mood

It is a property of verbs that relates to the speaker's feelings about the reality of what he is saying. Mood has three values:

1- Indicative: expresses a simple statement of fact.

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2- Imperative: expresses command

subjunctive: expresses something desired or imagined.

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3- Subjunctive: expresses something desired or imagined.

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Examples

1- Indicative- James stood up.

2- Imperative- Stand up!

3- Subjunctive- We insist that he stand up.

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Voice

It is a property of transitive verbs that expresses the relationship of the subject to the action. Voice has two values:

1. Active- the subject does the action.
2. Passive- the subject receives the action. 

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Examples

1- Active- the police caught the thief.

2- Passive- the thief was caught by the police.

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Degree

It is a property of gradable adjectives and adverbs that indicates amount. Degree has three values:

1. Positive- indicates basic quality.
2. Comparative- indicates greater quality.
3. Superlative- indicates maximum quality.

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Examples 

1. Positive- happy
2. Comparative- happier
3. Superlative- happiest

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Conclusion 

 Grammatical Categories define relationships between words and phrases with certain parts of speech, depending on their position in the syntactic tree. Conventional relations encompass subject, object, and indirect object.

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